Have you ever had a client who suddenly experienced an allergic reaction to their eyelash extensions, despite wearing them for an extended time with no previous issues? In this article we will discuss how this occurs and why. 

WHAT IS AN ALLERGY?

The term allergy is defined by the American Academy of Asthma, Allergy, and Immunology as "a chronic condition involving an abnormal reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance called an allergen." 

A reaction to cyanoacrylate (the active ingredient in eyelash extension adhesive) can present as itching, redness, pain and swelling in one or both eyelids.  It may present immediately or over the course of days. 

HOW DOES AN ALLERGY DEVELOP?

Allergies form when the body begins to recognize a substance (allergen), and produces antibodies (Immunoglobin) to fight the intruder. Allergies develop by being exposed to an Allergen repeatedly. There are two stages to the development of an allergy:

1. Sensitization:

• Allergen is introduced
• Cells produce Immunoglobin (IgE) molecules specific to that Allergen
• IgE molecules form a defence by binding themselves to Mast Cells
• The Mast Cell is now "Sensitized"
• No outward reactions or symptoms at the initial Sensitization stage.

2. Activation:

• Allergen is introduced
• Allergen binds to a Sensitized Mast Cell 
• Mast Cell releases a mediator/defence into surrounding tissue
• Tissue experiences an inflammatory reaction; itching, swelling, etc.